The development of CD-i was one of the responsibilities of the department 'New Media Systems', which later transformed into 'Philips Interactive Media Systems' (1992). Before developing CD-i, New Media Systems (1989 and before that) was also responsible for the development of MSX systems and Personal Computers, including models like NMS9100. Before that, New Media Systems was formed out of 'Philips Telecommunicatie en Informatie Systemen', which itself was a fusion of 'Philips Data Systems' and 'Philips Telecommunicatie Industrie' which were responsible for developing various PC and P2000 models. (1976-1989). This all happened in Europe and mainly in The Netherlands.
Philips formed a special group 'Philips Special Projects' in Eindhoven to develop games for the Videopac G7000 console (1982-1983). The original Videopac console was a follow-up to the original Magnavox Odyssey, which was developed in Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Philips bought Magnavox in 1974. The first Magnavox Odyssey was released in 1972, itself based on the first game console ever, the Brown Box by Ralph Baer. The Odyssey brought Philips many patents which in the end lead to various unique CD-i projects. Magnavox in that sense was very infuential to the development of CD-i (one of most important outcome is the existence of Nintendo characters on CD-i). The Odyssey2 (Videopac in Europe) was also developed in USA.
By the way, nowadays Magnavox is only a brand worn by a line of products now made by Funai. The trademark of the brand is still with Philips nowadays (2021).
This shows that CD-i was more a product of the Philips Computer Industry rather than a sequel to the Magnavox Odyssey 2 (or VideoPac in Europe), although the games licenses were influenced by the patents library that Philips obtained by taking over Magnavox.